Heat

Heatwaves have afflicted human health, ecosystem, and socioeconomy and are expected to intensify under warming climate. However, few efforts have been ...

[13](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#ref-CR13), [41](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#ref-CR41). [7](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#ref-CR7), [21](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#ref-CR21), [27](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#ref-CR27). [S2](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#MOESM1)). [42](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#ref-CR42). [S9](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#MOESM1) and [S10](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#MOESM1)), intensity (Fig. [S12](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#MOESM1) and [S13](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#MOESM1)), and heatwave-affected area (Fig. [33](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#ref-CR33). [5](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#Fig5)c, f, i, l), the extent and magnitude of MHSR in Northeast China first decreased and then increased, the MHSR in North China showed a trend of expanding from the west of North China to the north of North China, and the extent and magnitude of MHSR in South China and Southwest China showed a trend of first increasing and then gradually expanding to the southern region of South China and southern regions of Southwest China. [2](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#Fig2)). [2](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#Fig2)c,d). [2](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#Fig2)a). [18](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#ref-CR18), [19](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#ref-CR19), and particularly the exposure and vulnerability under MHS [20](#ref-CR20), [21](#ref-CR21), [22](/articles/s41598-022-27162-2#ref-CR22).