Black Sea

2023 - 3 - 15

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Image courtesy of "CNBC"

Russian jet downs U.S. drone over Black Sea (CNBC)

The U.S. called the downing of the drone by a Russian jet part of a pattern of reckless behavior by Russia.

The U.S. Russia annexed that peninsula on the Black Sea in 2014. The officials added that no U.S. Pat Ryder declined to say if the drone was armed. In a statement posted on its official Telegram channel, the ministry said the drone was flying with its transponders off near the Crimean Peninsula when it went into "unguided flight" and then fell into the water. was consistently flying over the Black Sea before drone operating over the Black Sea on Tuesday, U.S. Russia's Ministry of Defense said its two fighter aircraft did not come in contact with the U.S. called the behavior "unsafe and unprofessional," and part of a pattern of dangerous behavior by Russian pilots. He added that the U.S. The incident "demonstrates a lack of competence" by Russia, the European Command said. Defense officials confirmed to NBC News that salvage operations are currently being discussed but added that there are currently no U.S.

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Image courtesy of "Defense One"

Russian Jet Hits US Drone Over the Black Sea (Defense One)

The MQ-9 crashed after an Su-27 dumped fuel on it and then struck its propellor, U.S. officials said.

The crash should serve as a “wake-up call to isolationists,” said Sen. “In other words, either intentionally or unintentionally, things bumping into each other causing a collision, and then two great nations, powerful nations, trying to sort it out at 2 in the morning“ The statement claimed that no Russian jet hit the drone, and instead that it crashed because of “sharp maneuvering.” The U.S. accusing Russia of unsafe intercepts of its planes above the Baltic and Black Seas. “So, the normal sort of many channels that you have to kind of quickly defuse something…they're suspended right now. The crash resulted in the “complete loss” of the MQ-9 Reaper drone, Gen. The Russian Su-27 jet hit the drone’s propeller, damaging it and forcing the U.S. The drone was flying in international airspace over the Black Sea, Ryder said. Ryder said in a press briefing at the Pentagon that there were no radio calls or communication traffic from the Russians before or after the drone crashed. He estimated that the two Su-27s had been flying near the drone for 30 to 40 minutes before one “essentially ran into” the MQ-9. A Russian military jet struck a U.S.

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Image courtesy of "EURACTIV"

US says Russian jet caused spy drone crash over Black Sea (EURACTIV)

The US military said a Russian fighter plane clipped the propeller of one of its spy drones and made it crash into the Black Sea on 14 March in the first ...

“As for us, we do not want any confrontation between the United States and Russia. Two Russian Su-27 jets carried out what the US military described as a reckless intercept of the American spy drone while flying in international air space. Russia’s defence ministry denied that its aircraft had come into contact with the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which it said had crashed after “sharp manoeuvring”. On the diplomatic and economic fronts, talks continued to extend a deal to allow grain shipments from Ukraine’s Black Sea ports that is due to expire this week, the United Nations and Turkey said. The defence of Bakhmut was important because a “large amount of enemy material is being destroyed … “There was a clear position of the entire command: Strengthen this sector and destroy the occupiers to the maximum.”

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Image courtesy of "Financial Times"

Russian jet collided with unmanned American drone over Black Sea ... (Financial Times)

The US military said two Russian Su-27 aircraft had sought to “intercept” a MQ-9 Air Force Reaper drone on Tuesday morning over international waters, flying ...

For cost savings, you can change your plan at any time online in the “Settings & Account” section. Compare Standard and Premium Digital For a full comparison of Standard and Premium Digital,

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Image courtesy of "New Scientist"

Russian fighter jet collides with US military drone over the Black Sea (New Scientist)

The US operates drones in international airspace around Ukraine, and a Russian fighter jet has hit one – an MQ-9 Reaper drone – in an incident the US ...

He also stated that the drone was “conducting routine operations” and that this incident will not stop US aircraft from operating in international airspace. “This incident follows a pattern of dangerous actions by Russian pilots while interacting with U.S. [military drone](/article/2344966-will-ukraine-deploy-lethal-autonomous-drones-against-russia/) over international waters, crashing the drone.

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Image courtesy of "Telegraph.co.uk"

'Reckless' Russian fighter jet smashes into US drone over Black Sea (Telegraph.co.uk)

Russian ambassador accuses Washington of 'provocation' after aircraft struck surveillance device, which later came down west of Crimea.

We don’t need to have some sort of check-in with the Russians before we fly in international airspace.” Reapers have a 66ft wingspan and can fly at an altitude of up to 50,000ft. “US and Allied aircraft will continue to operate in international airspace and we call on the Russians to conduct themselves professionally and safely.” The Pentagon said that the latest incident came in the wake of a pattern of dangerous behaviour by Russian pilots operating near aircraft flown by the US and its allies, including over the Black Sea. General James B Hecker, the Commander of the US Air Forces in Europe, said: “Our MQ-9 aircraft was conducting routine operations in international airspace when it was intercepted and hit by a Russian aircraft, resulting in a crash and complete loss of the MQ-9. This isn’t escalatory unless we want to make it escalatory. I hope everyone takes a deep breath.” “If the message is that they want to deter or dissuade us from flying and operating in international airspace over the Black Sea, then that is not going to happen,” he said. "We view this incident as a provocation. “We are going to continue to fly and operate in international airspace over international waters. He said there had been other intercepts over the Black Sea in recent weeks, but this case was “unique” because it had resulted in the “splashing” of the US drone. The unacceptable activity of the US military in the close proximity to our borders is a cause for concern.

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Image courtesy of "Evening Standard"

Russian fighter jet collides with US drone in sky over Black Sea (Evening Standard)

The US state department has summoned the Russian ambassador over the incident.

“It is very tough in the east, very painful,” he said. Where our future, the future of all Ukrainians, is being fought for.” US Air Force General James B Hecker, commander of US Air Forces Europe and Air Forces Africa, said that the MQ-9 aircraft was "conducting routine operations in international airspace when it was intercepted and hit by a Russian aircraft, resulting in a crash and complete loss of the MQ-9". It said one of the Russian fighters "struck the propeller of the MQ-9, causing US forces to have to bring the MQ-9 down in international waters". The US European Command said in a statement that two Russian Su-27 fighter jets "conducted an unsafe and unprofessional intercept" of a US MQ-9 drone that was operating within international airspace over the Black Sea. Russian fighter jet struck the propeller of a US surveillance drone over the Black Sea in a "brazen violation of international law", causing American forces to bring down the unmanned aerial vehicle, the US has said.

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Image courtesy of "NPR"

Russian fighter jet forces down U.S. military drone over Black Sea ... (NPR)

The Russians claim the U.S. drone crashed on its own. Either way, it appears to be the most serious incident involving U.S. and Russian militaries in the ...

The U.S. In Washington, the State Department summoned Russian Ambassador Anatoly Antonov in order to voice U.S. What will be the reaction of the United States? The Russian aircraft safely returned to their air base, the statement concluded. After about 30 minutes of these harassing actions, one of the Russian jets clipped the propeller of the drone, causing it to crash, the U.S. "In this particular case, (the Russian jet) collided with the (U.S.) aircraft, damaging the propeller and essentially putting it in a situation where it was unflyable, uncontrollable, so we brought it down." This would make it more difficult to identify, and Russia said it was in violation of notifications it had issued. Ryder said the drone was "well away" from Ukrainian territory, but he did not give an exact location. The Russian jets initially flew just in front of the much slower American drone several times and dumped fuel on the U.S. military says a Russian fighter plane clipped the propeller of an American MQ-9 Reaper drone, forcing it to crash in the Black Sea. Russian fighter jet forces down U.S. military drone over Black Sea, U.S.

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Image courtesy of "USNI News"

UPDATED: U.S. MQ-9 Drone Crashes in Black Sea After Collision ... (USNI News)

The Pentagon is not yet saying whether the U.S. will try to recover an unmanned MQ-9 Reaper aircraft that ditched into international waters Tuesday after a ...

“And it’s two in the morning, and we’re trying to unpack this as fast as we can. In other words, either intentionally or unintentionally things bumping into each other, causing a collision, and then two great nations, powerful nations trying to sort it out at two in the morning.” Air Forces Europe and Air Forces Africa, said in the release. and allied aircraft, according to the EUCOM release. “Both there and in the Pacific if an aggressive Russia or China pilot or vessel captain or something gets too close, doesn’t realize where they are, causes a collision,” Berger said. Since late 2021, the U.S. To his knowledge, Russia has not recovered the UAV, Ryder said. The U.S. The release does not say if the U.S. CET, one of the Russian planes hit the MQ-9’s propeller, according to EUCOM. forces then opted to bring the unmanned aerial vehicle down in international waters, although the release does not specify if those waters were the Black Sea. will try to recover an unmanned MQ-9 Reaper aircraft that ditched into international waters Tuesday after a Russian Su-27 aircraft collided with it midair over the Black Sea.

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Image courtesy of "CNN"

Russian fighter jet forces down US drone over Black Sea after ... (CNN)

A Russian fighter jet forced down a US Air Force drone over the Black Sea on Tuesday after damaging the propeller of the American MQ-9 Reaper drone, ...

Price said separately that the US has “engaged at high levels with our allies and partners” to brief them on the incident. Reaper drones can fly as high as 50,000 feet, according to the Air Force, and they have sensors and capabilities to gather intelligence and perform reconnaissance for extended periods of time, making it an ideal platform to track movements on the battlefield and in the Black Sea. Defense Department officials “have not spoken specifically to Russian authorities” on the incident, Ryder said. He also said that Russia has not recovered the downed drone. “It seems to me that it was a constructive conversation on this issue. “Our MQ-9 aircraft was conducting routine operations in international airspace when it was intercepted and hit by a Russian aircraft, resulting in a crash and complete loss of the MQ-9,” Air Force Gen. Antonov reiterated a denial issued by the Russian Ministry of Defense on the incident. There may not be,” Kirby said Wednesday on “CNN This Morning.” Patrick Ryder added Tuesday that the Russian aircraft flew “in the vicinity” of the drone for 30 to 40 minutes before colliding just after 7 a.m. Hecker, commander of US Air Forces Europe and Air Forces Africa, said in the statement. “In fact, this unsafe and unprofessional act by the Russians nearly caused both aircraft to crash.” The aircraft then hit the propeller of the drone, prompting US forces to bring the MQ-9 drone down in international waters.

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Image courtesy of "NBC News"

Russia warns U.S. to stop 'hostile' flights after Black Sea drone ... (NBC News)

Russia has warned the U.S. to cease “hostile” flights near its border after the U.S. military said fighter jets collided with a Reaper drone over the Black ...

The U.S. Putin was losing on the battlefield and so constantly raising the stakes “in the hope of a change in circumstances,” he said. "We proceed from the fact that the United States will refrain from further speculations in the media landscape and stop making sorties near the Russian borders," the Russian ambassador to the U.S. to bring the drone down in international waters, the U.S. “They gather intelligence, which is subsequently used by the Kyiv regime to strike at our armed forces and territory.” A Russian fighter jet harassed and then collided with the propeller of the MQ-9 Reaper on Tuesday, forcing the U.S. He insisted that the Kremlin's fighter jets didn’t hit the American drone or use their weapons. Washington said it was a “brazen violation of international law” and summoned Moscow's envoy to lodge a protest. "We perceive any actions involving the use of American weapons and military equipment as openly hostile," Anatoly Antonov said, according to a statement ship, the officials said. [Turkey](https://www.nbcnews.com/news/isis-stands-gain-potential-turkish-offensive-syria-pentagon-warns-rcna38353), [Ukraine and Russia](https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/two-ukrainian-pilots-are-us-training-assessment-attack-aircrafts-f-16s-rcna73426), among other countries, according to the U.S. But the incident highlighted the growing tensions over the war in Ukraine, with the Kremlin eager to dissuade the U.S.

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Image courtesy of "iNews"

Downing of US drone over Black Sea downplayed for now, but ... (iNews)

With existing tensions over Ukraine and nuclear weapons already at a high, both sides are keen not to overreact over this latest incident.

becoming further entangled in a territorial dispute between Ukraine and Russia is not one of them,” he said. Russian warplanes tend to avoid air over Ukraine but regularly fly over the Black Sea, where, according to the Washington Post, US officials say non-contact “interceptions” with Western aircraft are common. Kyiv is constantly receiving important military and security information by the West.

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Image courtesy of "BBC News"

US drone downing: Black Sea conflict inevitable until Russia leaves ... (BBC News)

A US surveillance drone plunged into the Black Sea after meeting Russian jets on Tuesday.

It also called US drone flights off the coast of Crimea "provocative". From the Kremlin's point of view Mr Antonov added: "The unacceptable activity of the US military in the close proximity to our borders is a cause for concern." "The mood is not to escalate but nor is the mood to lean under the pressure - the physical or rhetorical pressure - of Russia." He also said that the drone's presence in the Black Sea was "confirmation" that the US was directly involved in the war. Russia said on Wednesday that it would try to retrieve the remnants of a US drone that crashed into the Black Sea. In a statement, the US said Russian jets dumped fuel on the drone several times before the collision.

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Image courtesy of "FRANCE 24"

Live: Mutual accusations after Russia downs US drone over Black Sea (FRANCE 24)

A Russian fighter jet struck the propeller of a US surveillance drone over the Black Sea on Tuesday in what a US spokesman called a “brazen violation of ...

The purpose of this all-in tactic is to always be raising the stakes," Ukraine's National Security and Defence Council secretary Oleksiy Danilov said on social media. And it is incumbent upon Russia to operate its military aircraft in a safe and professional manner," he added. The Pentagon press briefing followed a short Russian readout of the call between Austin and Shoigu. "Three missiles were shot down by the air defence system over Belgorod and the Belgorodsky district. Britain's defense ministry said the Typhoon jets responded Tuesday after a Russian air-to-air refueling aircraft failed to communicate with Estonian air traffic control. "And it is incumbent upon Russia to operate its military aircraft in a safe and professional manner," he said. Moscow will try to retrieve the remains of a US military surveillance drone brought down in the Black Sea after an encounter with Russian fighter planes, said a senior Russian security official on Wednesday. “I just got off the phone with my Russian counterpart, Minister Shoigu,” Austin said at a Pentagon press briefing. "Russia is not interested in such a development of events, but it will continue to respond proportionately to all provocations." It was the first call between Austin and Russian Defence Secretary Sergei Shoigu since October. The US military said a Russian fighter jet clipped the drone's propeller. Mark Milley, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who also appeared at the briefing, said, "We know that the intercept was intentional.

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Image courtesy of "Newsweek"

Black Sea Will Become 'Totally Ours,' Russian-Appointed Governor ... (Newsweek)

Volodymyr Saldo, who was appointed by the Kremlin to lead Ukraine's southern Kherson region after it was seized during Vladimir Putin's war, ...

Fears are growing that such a move would be a red line for Russia and that Putin may use his country's [nuclear capabilities](https://www.newsweek.com/russia-putin-nuclear-weapons-ukraine-crimea-mobilization-1752753) to defend the territory. Do you have a question about the Russia-Ukraine war? "I want to clap when we will have the Black Sea too," Saldo said. drone intercepted by Russian jets crashed into the Black Sea. Do you have a tip on a world news story that Newsweek should be covering? What do Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and Georgia think about that?"

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Image courtesy of "The Maritime Executive"

Russian Fighters Force Down U.S. Drone Over the Black Sea (The Maritime Executive)

On Tuesday, the Pentagon reported that a U.S. military-operated MQ-9 Reaper drone was forced down in the Black Sea when a Russian fighter hit its prop...

The Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet also uses the waters south of Crimea for launching guided-missile salvos at Ukrainian targets. version of the events. Russia's Ministry of Defense issued a full-throated denial of the U.S. Early on Tuesday, the MQ-9 surveillance/attack drone was deployed on a routine flight in international airspace about 75 miles to the south of Crimea, a senior U.S. At about 0700, one of the jets struck the MQ-9's propeller, causing it to crash in the Black Sea. The U.S.

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Image courtesy of "Forbes"

Black Sea Drone: More Crashes 'Inevitable' As Long As Russia ... (Forbes)

U.S. officials pledged to continue operating surveillance drones in international airspace, despite warnings from Ukrainian officials that more incidents ...

[striking](https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2023/03/09/6-ukrainian-civilians-dead-after-russian-missile-strikes-europes-largest-nuclear-power-plant-now-on-emergency-power/?sh=7dd044b44c55) residential areas and key infrastructure. In a meeting with the Ukraine Defense Contact Group Wednesday, however, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin [said](https://www.defense.gov/News/Speeches/Speech/Article/3329644/opening-remarks-by-secretary-of-defense-lloyd-j-austin-iii-at-the-tenth-ukraine/) Tuesday’s incident over the Black Sea would not deter the U.S. officials, meanwhile, have [accused](https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2023/02/18/us-accuses-russia-of-crimes-against-humanity-in-ukraine-heres-what-that-means/?sh=16800f281c48) Russian forces of committing crimes against humanity. [Abrams tanks](https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2023/01/25/germany-and-us-will-send-battle-tanks-to-ukraine-in-major-policy-reversal/?sh=42e86e145065) and [artillery rocket systems](https://www.forbes.com/sites/brianbushard/2023/02/24/biden-administration-unveils-10-billion-ukraine-aid-package-as-war-enters-2nd-year/?sh=1798c60e2b0f), the U.S. Russian forces have since attacked not only strategic port cities on the Black Sea and in eastern Ukraine, but Ukraine’s capital Kyiv, [Russian Jet Crashes Into U.S. Ukrainian officials warned Wednesday more incidents in international airspace over the Black Sea will be “inevitable” as long as Russia controls Crimea, one day after a Russian fighter jet clipped the propeller of a U.S. Drone Over Black Sea, U.S. from flying surveillance drones in international airspace—the MQ-9 Reaper drone that crashed Tuesday had been flying in international airspace over the Black Sea. Military Says](https://www.forbes.com/sites/brianbushard/2023/03/14/russian-jet-crashes-into-us-drone-over-black-sea-us-military-says/?sh=359335222f1b) (Forbes) [US drone downing: Black Sea conflict inevitable until Russia leaves - Ukraine minister](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64961958) (BBC) [6 Ukrainian Civilians Dead After Russian Missile Strikes Damage Critical Infrastructure](https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2023/03/09/6-ukrainian-civilians-dead-after-russian-missile-strikes-europes-largest-nuclear-power-plant-now-on-emergency-power/?sh=7dd044b44c55) (Forbes) officials pledge to keep flying surveillance drones as tensions between Moscow and Washington worsen. [condemned](https://www.forbes.com/sites/brianbushard/2023/03/14/russian-jet-crashes-into-us-drone-over-black-sea-us-military-says/?sh=359335222f1b) the incident—which took place early Tuesday morning—as “reckless,” “dangerous” and a show of Russia’s “lack of competence,” claiming two Russian jets also dumped fuel on the drone and flew directly in front of it—Russia’s Defense Ministry [claimed](https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/3900877-russia-claims-us-drone-maneuvered-sharply-crashed-into-water/) the crash was a result of the drone’s “sharp maneuvering” and that its jets did not collide into it.

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Image courtesy of "Offshore Energy"

With 'abundance of gas pay' uncovered, two more Black Sea wells ... (Offshore Energy)

Trillion Energy has drilled another well in its 2022 – 2023 drilling campaign on a natural gas field in the Black Sea off Türkiye.

[spudded](https://www.offshore-energy.biz/rig-moves-to-fourth-well-in-black-sea-drilling-campaign/) the Guluc-2 well, after completing the West Akçakoca-1 17 ½” diameter section to 1,008 metres depth. Trillion plans to [ add](https://www.offshore-energy.biz/trillion-to-boost-production-at-black-sea-gas-field-with-additional-wells/) three sidetrack wells to the development programme for the SASB gas field, increasing the total number of wells for this Black Sea drilling campaign from 17 to 20. Afterwards, the Uranus rig was [repositioned to drill](https://www.offshore-energy.biz/jack-up-rig-spuds-third-well-in-black-sea-drilling-campaign/) the firm’s third and fourth wells at the SASB shallow-water conventional gas field and Trillion explained that the West Akçakoca-1 and Guluc-2 wells would be spudded a few weeks apart and completed in sequence. [hired](https://www.offshore-energy.biz/jack-up-rig-hired-for-drilling-on-gas-field-offshore-turkey/) in May 2022, Trillion spudded its [first well](https://www.offshore-energy.biz/jack-up-rig-kicks-off-black-sea-drilling-campaign/), South Akçakoca-2, in the drilling campaign on the SASB natural gas field in September 2022. We eagerly await the gas flow rates and plan to put the wells into production end of this month. This well is also scheduled to be put into production by the end of March.

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Image courtesy of "The Guardian"

Russia plans to recover wreckage of US drone downed over Black ... (The Guardian)

'I certainly hope for success,' says senior Kremlin official of hopes of raising debris from seabed west of Crimea.

“It’s critical that the Biden administration develops a robust Black Sea strategy to strengthen the coordination between the US, Nato and our Black Sea partners.” The Russian defence minister Sergei Shoigu told Austin that Washington’s “increased” intelligence gathering against Russia had led to the drone incident. “It’s important that great powers be models of transparency and communication,” Austin said, adding that he had complained about “a pattern of risky and aggressive” behavior by Russian military pilots. Moscow denies its aircraft came into contact with the drone and insists it fell from the sky after making a “sharp manoeuvre”. Turkey has barred access for warships through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine began over a year ago, and the US navy does not have any warships currently in the Black Sea. The impact site is believed to be in international waters off the west coast of occupied Crimea, where Russia has established naval bases and airfields.

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Image courtesy of "DER SPIEGEL"

Russia's Dark Shadow: The Black Sea Region Is Suddenly Cast in ... (DER SPIEGEL)

For many years, the Black Sea was largely ignored by geostrategists. But with Russia's invasion of Ukraine and its aggressive posturing elsewhere in the ...

To see them sitting there close together in the cabin of the Turkish captain is almost comforting. "The Russians are the only people that send occupation forces and refugees into the selfsame country," says an angry Georgian in reference to the caravans of Russian vehicles traveling along the Black Sea coast. "February 24, 2022, marks the end of the dream of peaceful cooperation on the Black Sea," says Professor Aydın. From Sochi, it is just a one hour’s drive to the border crossing into Abkhazia, an exotic bit of no-man’s-land on the Black Sea coast. This region, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, was pried from the grip of the Cossacks, Crimean Tatars and Ottomans, an area known as Novorossiya in czarist times. Reva’s father served as the captain of a passenger ship, and Mikhail would accompany him on trips to Poti and Sukhumi in Georgia. Members of the military have been given free tickets in the second tier of the theater, trimmed in red satin and gold. On the surface, Russia is waging war against Ukraine, but at its core, it is an attack on the Euro-Atlantic edifice of ideas. It seems doubtful that the Regele Ferdinand, built in 1976 and armed with torpedoes and a 76-millimeter cannon, commands the respect of the Russian military. Located northwest of the port city of Constanța, this place in the former empire of communist despot Nicolae Ceaușescu is one of six bases to which NATO has access. How has life changed since the outbreak of war for the people who live on the shores of the Black Sea? For decades, the Black Sea wasn't really on the radar of political strategists when it came to geopolitical conflicts.

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Image courtesy of "CNN"

Russian fighter jet forces down US drone over Black Sea (CNN)

A Russian fighter jet forced down a US Air Force drone over the Black Sea on Tuesday after damaging the propeller of the American MQ-9 Reaper drone, ...

Price said separately that the US has “engaged at high levels with our allies and partners” to brief them on the incident. Defense Department officials “have not spoken specifically to Russian authorities” on the incident, Ryder said. “Our MQ-9 aircraft was conducting routine operations in international airspace when it was intercepted and hit by a Russian aircraft, resulting in a crash and complete loss of the MQ-9,” Air Force Gen. Hecker, commander of US Air Forces Europe and Air Forces Africa, said in the statement. Patrick Ryder added Tuesday that the Russian aircraft flew “in the vicinity” of the drone for 30 to 40 minutes before colliding just after 7 a.m. The aircraft then hit the propeller of the drone, prompting US forces to bring the MQ-9 drone down in international waters.

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Image courtesy of "Lieber Institute West Point"

Ukraine Symposium - “Damn the Torpedoes!”: Naval Mines in the ... (Lieber Institute West Point)

Naval mining has been a part of warfare for centuries, though it rose to prominence in the late 1800's. The American Civil War saw both the tactical and ...

[ Marko Milanovic](https://lieber.westpoint.edu/about/team/profile/?smid=11393), [Michael N. [Steve Szymanski ](https://lieber.westpoint.edu/author/steve-szymanski/)and [Peter C. [Chris Koschnitzky](https://lieber.westpoint.edu/author/chris-koschnitzky/) and [Michael N. [LT Mark Jessup](https://lieber.westpoint.edu/about/team/profile/?smid=16567), JAGC, USN is an Assistant Professor of Military Law at the United States Naval Academy, where he teaches Operational Law and the Law of Armed Conflict Altogether, this new status quo would reinforce the rule of law, deter violations (such as false-flag mine deployments), increase attribution, protect against threats to peaceful navigation, and alleviate the very humanitarian concerns articulated in 1907: freedom of the seas and peaceful navigation. Additionally, through this cooperation and exchange of information, the observer group could require the retrieval of any mines that slip from their moorings and wander afield. The report then concluded, “Naval mines are extremely economical weapons and are readily available on the world’s arms market.” Thus, an examination of recent conflicts can illustrate the applicability of these century-old proscriptions in a technologically modernized context. So are these regulations sufficient to protect the freedom of the seas? The only other “operative” obligation is in Article [4](https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/hague-conv-viii-1907/article-4?activeTab=undefined) addresses the obligation of Neutral powers who mine their own coasts to observe the same rules and take the same precautions as belligerents. These articles require belligerents to take active precautions to protect its security, to include notifying governments and ship owners of all “ [danger zones](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=siwpn14IE7E).”

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